So if an image/s is already gone from the server by the time they're coming after you, it's too late?
no it's not to late..what you're missing here are several parts, so relax and learn..
1. they don't know your name or anything..they would have to subpeona a court to get the whois info.
2. they would most likely need to file suit to get the above accomplished, which would cost 495.00 in filing fees.
3. they would need to prove their case that you "copied" the image in question.. a screen shot does not prove infringement..
while copyright trolls may be idiots, they aren't always that dumb, they could file, they could loose, which costs them money...they could file, they could win, you could be broke, they collect nothing..it costs them money..they could file and win and a judge could determine it was "innocent infrngement" and award as little as 200.00...again it costs them money.. they go after low hanging fruit, and those that are likely to cave..don't be that fruit... don't worry about other images that "may" be suspect, it's a waste of mental energy, deal with it IF it comes.