Each "circuit" in the United States courts of appeals refers to a geographical region.
Lucia's correct that when a precedent is set in a court appeal, it will apply to that "circuit" or "district":
"Court of appeals decisions, unlike those of the lower federal courts, establish binding precedents. Other federal courts in that circuit must, from that point forward, follow the appeals court's guidance in similar cases, regardless of whether the trial judge thinks that the case should be decided differently.":
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals"Linking to infringing content: The law is currently unsettled with regard to websites that contain links to infringing material; however, there have been a few lower-court decisions which have ruled against linking in some narrowly prescribed circumstances. One is when the owner of a website has already been issued an injunction against posting infringing material on their website and then links to the same material in an attempt to circumvent the injunction. Another area involves linking to software or devices which are designed to circumvent DRM (digital rights management) devices, or links from websites whose sole purpose is to circumvent copyright protection by linking to copyrighted material.[4] There have been no cases in the US where a website owner has been found liable for linking to copyrighted material outside of the above narrow circumstances.":
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act#Linking_to_infringing_contentWhichever side we're on, we can agree that neither side is "guaranteed" a court "win" unless it's already been tested at the highest court level in the land.
That rarely happens. But, it's important to look at the "big picture".
If we only fight back when we have a Supreme Court precedent to assure us of a "guaranteed win", then we'd all be paying 2500 to 12,000 dollars (per alleged infringement) to everybody who sent us a threatening letter.
There's a lot of those letters flying around, because we don't manufacture dick-all here anymore, and people want to "monetize" their "intellectual property".
Which sounds like a good idea until people fight back in a big organized way, or third world countries get cameras and PhotoShop.
Some people pay a lot of money at the notion of "no guarantee". Others weigh the likelihood of a successful outcome, and take other routes. Some will simply never pay a cent, no matter what.
S.G.